8 frequently asked questions about bone density tests
A bone density test is a screening that helps determine whether a patient is suffering from osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease marked by weak and brittle bones. A bone density test helps warn individuals of serious weakness in the bones and helps in getting it treated before facing the issue of a broken bone. In the past, doctors would wait until a patient suffered a broken bone or a fracture to test for osteoporosis.

Let’s take a look at some of the FAQs on bone density tests.

How is a bone density test conducted?

• A bone density test is called a DEXA scan.
• It is a type of X-ray in which a small, portable machine measures the density of the bones in the body. It may even reach the smallest of joints such as those in the hands and feet.
• The entire test takes anywhere between 10 and 30 minutes.

What does a bone density test reveal?

• A bone density test is done for the following reasons:
• It warns of the onset of osteopenia or osteoporosis.
• It predicts a patient’s chances of suffering a fracture or a broken bone due to low bone density.
• It confirms a doctor’s diagnosis of osteoporosis.
• It reveals the progress of ongoing osteoporosis medication.
• In some cases, the DEXA test may also reveal signs that cancer has spread to the bones.

Are there any side-effects of a bone density test?

• There are usually no side-effects of this test.
• However, after the procedure, some patients do experience an upset stomach, difficulty in swallowing, and heartburn.
• In very rare cases, some patients experience additional joint and muscle pain after the procedure.

Who should undergo a bone density test?
A bone density test is recommended in the following cases:

• For men and women above the age of 65.
• For women who have just gone through menopause.
• For a person who has been under a long-term prescription of certain steroids such as prednisone.
• For the patients who have had a fracture post the age of 50.
• For the patients who have lost height of around 4 centimeters or more in the past year; osteoporosis may cause compression fractures in the spine.
• For the patients who have had a bone marrow transplant or an organ transplant, as anti-rejection medications interfere with the bone-building process.
• For patients who suffer hormonal fluctuations.
• For patients who have been suffering from constant back pain.

How often should you go for a bone density test?

• A bone density test is usually advised once every two years.
• For patients undergoing treatment for osteoporosis, the test is recommended annually.
• The doctor can best advice on how often you may need to get the test done.

What is the meaning of T-score?

• Bone density results come as T-scores. A T-score compares the patient’s bone density with the bone density of a 30-year-old individual.
• A T-score of -1.0 and above is considered normal.
• A T-score between -1.0 to -2.5 indicates low bone density or osteopenia.
• A T-score below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis.
• Always get the test results interpreted by a medical professional; never attempt to check them on your own.

Are there any precautions to take before the screening?

• A bone density test is a painless procedure.
• It is recommended that you avoid the intake of any calcium supplements 24 to 48 hours before the test.
• Wear loose and comfortable cotton clothing.
• Remove all metal objects from the pockets and avoid clothes that have zippers and metal buttons.

Are there any tips to keep your bones strong?

• Exercise daily to keep your bones strong. Walking, jogging and lifting weights are some highly recommended forms of exercise.
• Include plenty of Vitamin D in your daily diet.
• Consider taking calcium supplements.