A compression fracture occurs when a bone in the spine of the vertebra collapses. A wedge fracture is the most regular and common type of compression fracture where the vertebral body collapses and the bone takes the shape of a wedge. Sometimes, multiple compression fractures occur, leading to a spinal deformity known as kyphosis, which can result in loss of height. A compression fracture usually occurs in the lower or middle spine.

Symptoms of a compression fracture
The symptoms of the compression fracture depend on its type and they may or may not occur.

– Pain and stiffness across legs, arms, and back
– Weakness and numbness in legs or arms

A compression fracture can be extremely painful if it occurs suddenly. It grows gradually in most cases, and the pain increases in tandem.

Causes of a compression fracture
– Weaker and softer bones are a prime cause of a compression fracture.
– Bone thinning conditions such as osteoporosis can lead to compression fractures among women aged more than 50 years.
– If one has fragile bones and a weaker vertebra, it can lead to compression fractures if they slip while carrying heavy objects.

Risk factors for a compression fracture
– People with osteoporosis and cancer that has been spreading in their bones are at the highest risk of developing compression fractures .
–  Cancers such as lymphoma and myeloma can cause compression fractures.

Other factors influencing compression fractures
– Race : Asian as well as Caucasian women are at a higher risk of compression fractures.
– Age : Women about the age of 50 years have higher chances of developing compression fractures.

Diagnostic procedures for a compression fracture
Doctors always refer to the medical history of a patient and conduct physical examinations to understand if there is a compression fracture. Compression fractures usually occur on weaker bones. Therefore, infections, tumors, or osteoporosis are the key indicators. To confirm a suspected compression fracture, doctors may perform certain tests.

– X-ray : An X-ray-based scan is conducted to study the spinal nerves, bone, and vertebra.
– MRI : A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based image scan of bones may follow an X-ray to confirm a compression fracture.
– CT scan : A computed tomography (CT) scan is a computer-based advanced image technology used to study any disorders of the internal human body. It provides more detailed and in-depth images than X-rays can.
– Nuclear bone scan : Radiology-based nuclear bone scans are also performed to study bone condition to confirm a compression fracture

Treatments available for compression fractures
Treatments are decided based on the characteristics, the type, and the stage of the compression fracture.

– For the majority of the compression fractures, non-operative treatments are recommended. Such treatments include a mix of pain relieving treatments along with a plan of physical activities.
– The orthopedic surgeon may also suggest the patient wear a brace to support the back.
– Patients may also be given vitamin D and calcium.
– If the spine appears to be very unstable, the doctor may also suggest surgery. This usually is kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty.

Remedies for compression fractures
Compression fractures can take a significant amount of time to heal. During this time, individuals can try various home remedies to ease their pain.

– Ice the area : Temperature therapy, which involves icing the area, can help reduce inflammation and pain. It can be used for up until a week after the injury first occurs.
– Bed rest : For minor fractures, people often take the all-natural approach to recovery, which involves resting in bed until the symptoms subside. After a few days of complete rest, one may return to daily activities in a slow and controlled manner. It is best to avoid bending, twisting, or lifting during this period.
– Eating healthy : Foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, such as milk and fortified cereals, help the healing process and make the bones stronger.

If one notices any considerable signs of a compression fracture, it is necessary to consult the doctor today. Early detection leads to successful treatment. Based on regular monitoring and check-ups, compression fractures heal in three to six months.