Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sometimes called chronic obstructive pulmonary inflammation, is a persistent pulmonary inflammation that can lead to pulmonary airflow obstruction. They are a group of lung diseases that restricts airflow. Its symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and mucus production (sputum). Long-term exposure to irritating gasses is the most prevalent cause of this disease. Moreover, people with COPD may develop a variety of illnesses, including heart disease and lung cancer.

Overview of COPD

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are two common causes of COPD, occurring more commonly than any other condition. The degree to which each condition affects a COPD patient varies substantially.

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which are responsible for moving air to and from the alveoli. It is characterized by chronic coughing and the daily production of mucus.

Due to irritating chemicals and particles, the alveoli at the end of the lungs’ smallest air channels (bronchioles) are destroyed in emphysema. This deterioration results from emphysema, caused by other irritant chemicals and particles.

Although it is a progressive disease that worsens over time, COPD can be treated. Most people with COPD can improve their quality of life, manage symptoms and reduce the risk of acquiring other disease-related complications with the right treatment.

What are the symptoms and indicators of COPD?

Initially, one may suffer mild symptoms such as an intermittent cough and shortness of breath. As the illness progresses, the symptoms may become more persistent, resulting in breathing difficulty.

An individual with bronchitis may gasp, feel pressure in the chest, and generate an abnormal amount of mucus. Acute exacerbations are episodes of severe symptoms that certain people with COPD may experience. A patient may not be aware of COPD symptoms and may mistake them for the common cold if not vigilant.

Initial signs and symptoms

Intermittent breathing difficulties after vigorous activity

A spasmodic hacking cough

Regular clearing of the throat, primarily upon waking up in the morning

Worsening signs and symptoms

As the symptoms worsen over time, it may become difficult to disregard them. As the lungs endure additional injury, the following symptoms may manifest:

Being out of breath after moderate physical exercise

Wheezing (loud breathing with a higher pitch) more frequently during exhalation

Chest pain

Chronic hacking cough, with or without mucus production

Mucus from the lungs needs to be released daily

Frequent common cold, influenza, or other respiratory infections

Lack of energy

In the later stages of COPD, the following new symptoms may occur:

Fatigue

Swollen feet, ankles, or legs

Shedding pounds

Home remedies for COPD

One may try these home remedies to maintain health, lessen the severity of their symptoms, and improve the overall quality of life.

Avoid fumes and dust

Follow the instructions included with the prescription

Get periodic checkups

Perform deep, regulated breathing exercises

Go for a stroll or indulge in other light physical activities

Consume nutritious foods

Try coughing in a controlled manner, drinking plenty of water, and using a humidifier

Take therapy or join a support group to gain emotional support

What are therapy options available for COPD?

The primary objectives of COPD treatment are relieving symptoms and preventing respiratory infections. The therapy options include:

Bronchodilators

These treatments alleviate airway tightness. One will breathe in a mist containing bronchodilators, making breathing easier.

Supplemental oxygen

If one’s blood oxygen level is low (also known as hypoxemia), they may need to use a portable oxygen tank to increase it.

Vaccinations

Respiratory infections represent a more significant risk to one’s health if they have COPD. Vaccination is of the utmost importance for preventing influenza and pneumonia.

Anticholinergics

These relax the muscle bands that constrict around the airways, facilitating the expulsion of mucus from the lungs. When muscles are relaxed, they permit more excellent airflow. Since the airways are now more accessible, slime can move freely and be coughed up more quickly. Unlike fast-acting bronchodilators, anticholinergics have a different mechanism of action and a more prolonged onset of action.

Antihistamines

These relieve symptoms, including watery eyes, stuffy nose, and sneezing. Antihistamines are effective at alleviating these symptoms, but they may dry down the airways, making breathing difficult and coughing up excess mucus. If one has stomach pain, using these with food may be helpful.

Antivirals

People with COPD have an increased risk of influenza-related complications. Their doctor may recommend antivirals to treat or prevent illnesses caused by viruses, with influenza treatment or prevention being the most common.

Cost of the treatment

Cost is one of the significant barriers to managing COPD. The nature of COPD treatment is such that the cost increases as the symptoms increase. This makes taking regular treatment challenging. Financial assistance through medical insurance will significantly help manage the expenditure.